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食用菌品种的精准鉴定在食用菌生产和种质创新中占有重要地位。食用菌不同品种间存在亲缘关系密切、同质化严重的问题，而现有的食用菌品种鉴定方法工作量大、精确性和重复性不足，怎样实现食用菌品种的精准鉴定是产业中的痛点问题。多核苷酸多态性（MNP）分子标记是一种能够同时检测DNA序列中多个核苷酸变异的方法，可提供高分辨率的遗传信息，从而更准确地区分食用菌不同品种之间的差异，并具有较高的重复性和精确性。文中分析了该技术在食用菌品种鉴定中的优势，回顾了2022—2023年MNP分子标记首次在香菇和金针菇等品种的精准鉴定中的应用。此外通过分析MNP标记的变异模式，除了品种的精准鉴定外，还可以实现品种溯源，具有巨大的应用潜力。通过进一步研究，尤其是和表型组的紧密结合，MNP分子标记还将为食用菌种质资源的保护、育种改良和产品质量控制提供更多的支持和解决方案。
Abstract：Precise identification of edible mushroom strains plays a crucial role in its production and germplasm innovation. In China, the general existence of close genetic relationships and severe homogeneity among different cultivars of commercial mushrooms is considered a serious problem.Current methods used for identifying edible mushroom strains are almost labor-intensive and lack accuracy and reproducibility as well. Therefore, development and application of advanced technology for the precise identification of edible mushrooms still remains as a challenging issue in their relevant industry. Multiple nucleotide polymorphism(MNP) molecular markers can be used for simultaneous detection of multiple sequence variations to provide high-resolution genetic information, which enables to distinguish the differences between edible mushrooms more precisely with high repeatability and accuracy. This article aims to investigate the advantages of use of MNP molecular markers for strain identification of edible mushrooms together with the review of their first application to the precise identification of Lentinula edodes and Flammulina filiformis carried out from the year 2022 to 2023. Our analysis of variation patterns of MNP markers demonstrated that not only precise identification but also traceability of mushroom strains could be gained, indicating the presence of a huge potential for their application. It is believed that through further research development, especially in combination with the phenotypic data, use of MNP molecular markers will continuously provide us with much more supports and solutions for the essential protection of edible mushroom germplasm resources, the breeding improvement as well as the quality control of industrial products.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13341/j.jfr.2023.1647
中图分类号:S646
引用信息:
[1]刘飞,张明晢,曹槟等.MNP分子标记在食用菌品种精准鉴定中的应用与前景分析[J].菌物研究,2025,23(03):247-253.DOI:10.13341/j.jfr.2023.1647.
基金信息:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1200605）; 现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队项目（BAIC03-01）; 河南省重点研发专项项目（221111110600）